The purpose of this study is to explain the ability of the simulation methodology to consider uncertainty of the multi criteria DECISIONs MAKING. The rank order of DECISION alternatives depends on two types of uncertainty: (1) uncertainty associated with the DECISION MAKING judgment regarding each element of DECISION matrix described by distribution function, and (2) uncertainty regarding the future characteristics of the DECISION MAKING environment described by a set of scenarios. Scenario is description of the DECISION MAKING environment into some separate situations. Researchers concentrate on this type of uncertainty less than other types.Both types of uncertainty are capable to opposite the rank of alternatives and decline the certainty of DECISION maker to the rank order of alternatives. In The present research, a simulation approach for handling both types of related uncertainty was described. The final conclusions showed that when uncertainty associated with the DECISION MAKING judgment regarding each element of DECISION matrix increases, the probability of rank reversion and rank uncertainty increases too. Under these situations, the final ranking of the alternatives is probabilistic.

Identifying and locating suitable areas for eco-tourism development, is one of the important issues of tourism planners. But the wide variety of options and parameters, variables uncertainty and long terms in environmental planning, causes the DECISION-MAKING becomes more complex. So MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING methods can meet these challenges. Thus the aim of this study is to identify suitable areas for eco-tourism in Kiamaky wildlife refuge using MCDM method Based on fuzzy logic in GIS. According to the effective criteria on the eco-tourism in this area; obtained from previous research and expert opinions, 15 criteria maps (climate, lithology, height from sea level, slope, aspect, land use and distance maps from residential area, road, river, police station, environmental guard station, sensitive habitats, shrine, spring and waterfall) are produced and classified as input. To determine the weights of criteria, opinions of experts in the form of Delphi Method were applied. The criteria matrix formed and the relative importance of all criteria was defined using the AHP method and pairwise comparison. Finally eco-tourism appropriate priority map was produced using Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method and applying the index of the importance of each criterion to corresponding classified map. According to mentioned map, 15% and 34% of the area eligible for perfect and good for eco-tourism respectively, and 4% of the area are medium for this purpose. In this study, besides confirming previous studies, power and usefulness of GIS in locating and combining different ecological criteria were shown.

The importance of sustainability development for developing countries and their tourism is a major issue. This study presents a new approach and framework for spatial modelling of tourism products potentials (TPP) in their sustainability evaluation. The approach was developed based on the GIS MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION analysis (MCDA) and its performance was evaluated for spatial TPP mapping in Tabriz city, Iran. To achieve this purpose, we recognized the main Components of Tourism Development indicators (CTDI) such as attractions, accommodation, services and infrastructures facilities to improving sustainable tourism, and determined their significance using the Geographic information systems (GIS). Furthermore, the uncertainty analyze was applied to diminish the inherent error in criteria weights. A GIS-based aggregation function was applied to discern the TPP map. Finally, the emphasis in this paper investigates the practical usage of GIS for the benefit of sustainable tourism development. In particular, it inquired the possible opportunities and challenges facing the adoption of GIS to assist sustainable tourism development. The purpose of this article is to map and explore existing and potential attractions, tourism services and facilities in Tabriz and to ensure that potential opportunities are available for all tourists to enjoy enjoyable experiences in order to reveal their diverse economic, social, political and cultural benefits. Build on the positive and negative aspects of their construction and present them with appropriate solutions for tourism development that lead to sustainable tourism development and infrastructure improvement.

Considering the current trend of ever decreasing water resources and their associated qualitative and quantitative variations, managers are now facing the challenge of offering adaptable planning and allocation DECISION methods for integrated watershed management. This study focuses on the understanding of the trade-offs among the various outcomes of allocation DECISIONs for Boostan Dam reservoir on the Gorgan-Rud River in Golestan Province of Iran. Control of water level in the reservoir such that enough water is available during dry months to satisfy different needs of the downstream as well as the capability of dam to mitigate floods considered as the objectives of the study. The recorded flow data suggested that there are four months with high likelihood of flooding events. Sixteen mutually exclusive scenarios were developed to accommodate different and competing water demands of water users in the area. The monthly river flow discharge for one Iranian water-year started from October 2007 were forecasted by a Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrating Moving Average (SARIMA) model. The water allocation analysis was conducted on the basis of the forecasted monthly flow data. To quantify the effects of implementing the scenarios, five indices were selected and quantified.The indices included water storage capacity during flood-prone months, stored water volume at the end of the wateryear, the likelihood of overflowing, outflow discharge simulated by a flood routing technique and the risk of dam collapse because of floods. The MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING technique was used to trade-off the outcomes and therefore to identify the best allocation scenario. To weight the indices, the process of expert knowledge elicitation was completed using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) technique. The TOPSIS (Technique Ordered Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution) model was used to identify the best scenario among the 16 allocation scenarios. The results show that the scenarios can be categorised in nine different groups among them scenario 7 has been identified as the best allocation scenario followed by scenario1. Scenario7 is characterised by emphasis on flood control objective for the floodprone months (May and August) as well as water supply to meet the water demands of the downstream. The integrating approach implemented in this study is capable of assisting the DECISION makers and dam operators to understand and investigate the possible allocation scenarios, and to recognise the likely outcomes and the trade-offs among them. Thus, the approach supports the DECISION makers to achieve their objectives capturing different criteria associated with the allocation problems.

To meet the increasing demand for higher education, universities are questing for new ways of delivering education and as a result, e-learning is being implemented more frequently each day, creating new opportunities for both educational institutions and students. Likewise, every online organization, the website of an educational institution is the first interaction tool between the user and the organization and plays an important role in establishing long term relationships with students. To face this strategic issue for virtual universities, this paper focuses on improving website quality based on users’ information and structural needs. By considering that the basic goal of every website is to provide the user with information, first, proper content for a university website from the users’ perspective will be selected, and then a framework for Iranian universities’ websites will be proposed. Selecting proper content items from a website is a selection problem with different criteria influencing the optimal solution. Therefore, in this paper, multicriteria DECISION MAKING approach is taken toward this selection problem.